In-Text Citation or References List
Handouts distributed in class and presentation slides such as Powerpoint should be cited both in-text and on the References list, so long as your paper is intended for your course instructor or other students in the course. Otherwise, cite course materials as personal communications.
Your own notes from lectures are considered personal communications in APA style. They are cited within the text of your assignment, but do not get an entry on the References list.
URLs
For resources from Brightspace, end your citation with the URL for the Brightspace @ GBC login page: https://learn.georgebrown.ca/d2l/home
For resources from a publicly available website, include the full URL for the resource. Do not include any punctuation after a URL.
Instructor's Last Name, First Initial. Second Intial if given. (Year Presentation Was Created, Month Day if given). Title of presentation: Subtitle if any [PowerPoint slides]. Brightspace @ GBC. https://learn.georgebrown.ca/d2l/home
Note: Provide a link to the GBC Brightspace login page in the citation. Follow this format if your paper is intended for your course instructor or other students in the course; otherwise, cite course materials as personal communications.
| Example |
McLean, K. (2019, October 31). Library research for COMM1007 [PowerPoint slides]. Brightspace @ GBC. https://learn.georgebrown.ca/d2l/home |
| In-Text Paraphrase | (McLean, 2019) |
| In-Text Quote |
(McLean, 2019, Slide 6) Note: Provide a slide number in place of a page number. |
Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Intial if given. (Year Presentation Was Created, Month Day if given). Title of presentation: Subtitle if any [PowerPoint slides]. Name of Website. URL
| Example |
Smith, C. (2017, October 13). AI and machine learning demystified [PowerPoint slides]. SlideShare. https://www.slideshare.net/carologic/ai-and-machine-learning-demystified-by-carol-smith-at-midwest-ux-2017 |
| In-Text Paraphrase |
(Smith, 2017) |
| In-Text Quote |
(Smith, 2017, Slide 10) |
Note: Your own notes from a lecture are considered personal communications in APA style. They are cited within the text of your assignment, but do not get an entry on the References list. Put the citation right after a quote or paraphrased content from the class lecture.
(First Initial of Faculty Who Gave Lecture. Second Initial if known. Last Name, personal communication, Month Day, Year lecture took place)
| Example |
"Infections are often contracted while patients are recovering in the hospital" (J. D. Black, personal communication, May 30, 2012) |
| Example |
Note: If the name of the person who was interviewed is mentioned in the sentence leading into the quote or paraphrased content, you do not need to repeat it in the in-text citation. J.D. Black explained that "infections are often contracted while patients are recovering in the hospital" (personal communication, May 30, 2012). |